名词性从句用陈述语序
在英语中,当一个句子(通常是疑问句)充当另一个句子的成分(如主语、宾语、表语、同位语)时,这个句子就被称为名词性从句。名词性从句的核心规则之一就是:必须使用陈述语序。
1. 宾语从句 (Object Clause)
-
定义:在主句中充当及物动词或介词的宾语。
-
规则:无论主句是陈述句还是疑问句,宾语从句都必须使用陈述语序。
-
例句:
- I don’t know where he lives. (√)
- I don’t know where does he live. (❌)
- Can you tell me what time it is? (√)
- Can you tell me what time is it? (❌)
2. 主语从句 (Subject Clause)
-
定义:在主句中充当主语。
-
规则:使用陈述语序。
-
例句:
- What he said is true. (√)
- What did he say is true. (❌)
- It is a pity that you missed the party. (√)
3. 表语从句 (Predicative Clause)
-
定义:在主句中充当系动词(如 be, seem, appear 等)后的表语。
-
规则:使用陈述语序。
-
例句:
- The question is who will be our new manager. (√)
- The question is who will our new manager be. (❌)
- That’s why I was late. (√)
4. 同位语从句 (Appositive Clause)
-
定义:跟在名词(如 fact, idea, news, hope, doubt 等)后面,对其内容进行解释说明。
-
规则:使用陈述语序。
-
例句:
- The news that our team won is exciting. (√)
- I have no idea when he will come back. (√)
5. 介词后的宾语从句
-
定义:在介词后面充当宾语。
-
规则:使用陈述语序。
-
例句:
- I’m interested in what you are doing. (√)
- Everything depends on whether we have enough time. (√)
三、特殊情况:看似疑问,实则陈述
有一类以 what 或 who 引导的句子,本身就是陈述语序,需要特别注意:
-
What is the matter? / What is wrong?
- 这两个句子本身就是陈述语序,因为
what在句中作主语,is the matter/wrong是系表结构。所以当它们变成名词性从句时,语序不变。 - 例:He asked me what was the matter. (√)
- 这两个句子本身就是陈述语序,因为
地点从小到大

注意副词
